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Foot & Ankle Disorders

The foot and ankle in the human body function together in providing balance, stability, movement, and propulsion. The ankle joint is a hinge type of joint. The calcaneous or heel bone and the talus bone join to enable rotation of the foot at the ankle. The principal movements of the foot include inversion and eversion. Movements involving the toes are dorsiflexion and plantar flexion. Foot and ankle problems most commonly occur as a result of trauma, abnormal functioning of the bones and muscles or anatomic disorders. Some of the common foot and ankle conditions include:

• Ankle Sprain
• Ankle Fracture
• Ankle Instability
• Achilles Tendon Rupture
• Osteochondral Injuries of the Ankle
• Stress Fracture of the Foot
• Heel Fractures
• Lisfranc (Midfoot) Fracture
• Talus Fractures
• Toe and Forefoot Fractures
• Turf Toe
• Foot Fracture
• Achilles Tendon Bursitis
• Athlete's Foot
• Bunion
• Forefoot Pain
• In-toeing
• Morton's Neuroma
• Plantar Fasciitis
• Flatfoot
• Fungal Nails
• Foot Infections
• Foot Drop
• Hammertoe
• Claw Toe
• Ingrown Toenail
• Corns
• Diabetic Foot
• Heel Pain

Ankle Replacement Surgery

Ankle replacement is a procedure performed to replace the damaged ankle joint with an artificial joint. Ankle replacement is generally carried out to treat arthritic conditions such as osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis in which the ankle joint wears out or becomes inflamed and painful.

Ankle joint replacement is indicated when conservative treatments such as medications, exercise, physiotherapy, ankle support or shoe inserts have failed to provide relief from arthritic pain.

Ankle joint replacement is contraindicated in the following situations:

• Young and physically active individuals
• Severe foot deformity
• Unstable ankle
• Previous ankle joint infections
• Collapsed talus (bone under the ankle)

Ankle joint replacement is performed under the effect of general or spinal anesthesia.

Sports Injuries

Sports injuries occur when playing indoor or outdoor sports or while exercising. They can result from accidents, inadequate training, improper use of protective devices, or insufficient stretching or warm-up exercises. The most common sports injuries are sprains and strains, fractures and dislocations.

Foot and ankle injuries include the injuries in the leg below the knee, and they are common in athletes and while playing sports such as football, hockey and skating. Common sports injuries to the foot and ankle include:

• Achilles Tendon Rupture
• Achilles Tendon Bursitis
• Ankle Sprains
• Ankle Fractures
• Stress Fractures of the Foot

Treatment for these conditions may include orthotics, braces, physical therapy, injections or surgery.

Fracture Care

The word "Fracture" implies a broken bone. A bone may get fractured completely or partially and it is caused commonly from trauma due to fall, motor vehicle accident or sports. Thinning of the bone due to osteoporosis in the elderly can cause the bone to break easily. Overuse injuries are a common cause of stress fractures in athletes.

The most common types of foot and ankle fractures include:

• Ankle Fracture
• Stress Fracture of the Foot
• Heel Fracture
• Lisfranc (Midfoot) Fracture
• Talus Fractures
• Toe and Forefoot Fractures